![]() A single block may take either 512 Bytes or 1 Kilo Byte depending on your system. The following command displays number of blocks consumed by each directory. This command is helpful if you want to determine how much space a particular directory is taking. The du (disk usage) command enables you to specify directories to show disk space usage on a particular directory. You can use the -h (human readable) option to display the output in a format that shows the size in easier-to-understand notation. Total kilobytes of space available on the storage medium The df -k output is generally the same on all Unix systems. These are special (or virtual) file systems, and although they reside on the disk under /, by themselves they do not consume disk space. Some of the directories, such as /devices, shows 0 in the kbytes, used, and avail columns as well as 0% for capacity. The command df -k (disk free) displays the disk space usage in kilobytes, as shown below −įilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on The first way to manage your partition space is with the df (disk free) command. You can use Manpage Help to check complete syntax for each command mentioned here. Shows the location of a file if it is in your PATH Shows the current directory the user is inĬreates a blank file or modifies an existing file or its attributes Moves the location of, or renames a file/directory Shows the contents of the directory specifiedīrowses through a file from the beginning to the end Identifies the file type (binary, text, etc)īrowses through a file from the end or the beginning The following commands are used to navigate the system − Sr.No.Ĭopies one file/directory to the specified location ![]() Now that you understand the basics of the file system, you can begin navigating to the files you need. Typically contains variable-length files such as log and print files and any other type of file that may contain a variable amount of dataĬontains binary (executable) files, usually for system administration. Includes administrative commands, shared files, library files, and others Used for miscellaneous purposes, and can be used by many users. Holds temporary files used between system boots Used to mount other temporary file systems, such as cdrom and floppy for the CD-ROM drive and floppy diskette drive, respectivelyĬontains all processes marked as a file by process number or other information that is dynamic to the system ![]() Supervisor directory commands, configuration files, disk configuration files, valid user lists, groups, ethernet, hosts, where to send critical messagesĬontains shared library files and sometimes other kernel-related filesĬontains the home directory for users and other accounts This is where the executable files are located. This is the root directory which should contain only the directories needed at the top level of the file structure Following are the directories that exist on the major versions of Unix − Sr.No. The directories have specific purposes and generally hold the same types of information for easily locating files. There are no dependencies between one filesystem and another. File inode numbers can be seen by specifying the -i option to ls command. It has a root directory ( /) that contains other files and directories.Įach file or directory is uniquely identified by its name, the directory in which it resides, and a unique identifier, typically called an inode.īy convention, the root directory has an inode number of 2 and the lost+found directory has an inode number of 3. ![]() Unix uses a hierarchical file system structure, much like an upside-down tree, with root (/) at the base of the file system and all other directories spreading from there.Ī Unix filesystem is a collection of files and directories that has the following properties − One file system per partition allows for the logical maintenance and management of differing file systems.Įverything in Unix is considered to be a file, including physical devices such as DVD-ROMs, USB devices, and floppy drives. ![]() Your hard drive can have various partitions which usually contain only one file system, such as one file system housing the /file system or another containing the /home file system. A partition is a container for information and can span an entire hard drive if desired. A file system is a logical collection of files on a partition or disk. ![]()
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